Calderas and Silicic Batholiths are part of the super-eruption story.

Time and Place    LIPS     Caldera    Convection    Sulfur    Ash    Scale   Global   Forecast  Discover

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Calderas are volcanoes where silicic magmas evolve and then explode, leaving a huge hole. They usually erupt a few times, with reposes lasting from centuries to many millennia. Their eruptions can be as voluminous as thousands of cubic kilometers. The eruptions certainly have global impact.

Toba: Earth’s youngest SE--Chesner

Limited Toba Impact on Humans--Petragia et al

Lowenstern & Hurwitz: Sleeping Yellowstone

Ultra-distal fall deposits of super-eruptions--Mathews et al

Long Valley’s pattern - USGS

Collapse Caldera Data Base

Chesner, 2011

Lowenstern & Hurwitz

Calderas erupt only a few times and stay in repose for millenia. The environmental effects of a large caldera event have never been experienced by people who could write down what happened.

America’s restless calderas:

    Long Valley, California

    Yellowstone, Wyoming

    Valles, New Mexico

More Information about Super-eruptions:

Secondary Issues:

   Geological Record of Supereruptions

    Large Igneous Provinces

    Calderas and Silicic Complexes

    Transport to Troposphere and Stratosphere

    Sulfur and Supereruptions

    Volcanic ash in Super Eruptions

    Scaling Up Eruptions

    Global Environmental Effects

    Forecasting a Super Eruption

Reference Page