Michigan was completely covered by glaciers 10,000 years ago and this has affected the landscapes profoundly.  The Michigan Tech Campus is the result of glacial outwash.  The Portage Lake “canal” is the result of an outlet to a post glacial lake called Lake Duluth, now gone. Most of the smaller lakes and ponds in Michigan are kettle lakes.  Sand and gravel and landfill sites in Michigan are in glacial deposits and so are many groundwater acquifers.

Read Chapters 13-15  

Michigan Geography and Geology