Virunga references

 

Allard, P., Baxter, P., Halbwachs, M., Kasereka, M., Komorowski, J.-C. & Joron, J.L. 2003. The most destructive effusive eruption in modern history: Nyiragongo (RD Congo), January 2002. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 11970.

Aoki, K., and H. Kurasawa, 1984. Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100.

Aoki, K.I., T. Yoshida, K. Yusa, and Y. Nakamura. 1985. Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 25, 1-28.

Bailey and Hampton, 1990. Volatiles in alkaline magmas. Lithos, 26 (1-2), pp 157-165.

Berg, E., 1959. Volcanic eruption in Belgian Congo. J. Geophys. Res., 64(5), 580.

Bluth, G.J.S., and S.A. Carn, 2008. Exceptional sulphur degassing from Nyamuragira volcano, 1979-2005, Int. J. Remote Sensing (in press).

Bowen, N.L., 1929. Central African volcanoes in 1929. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 10th and 11th Annual Meetings, 1929 and 1930, pp. 301-307.

Brousse, R., J.-J. Cocheme, Y. Pottier, and P.-J. Vellutini, 1979. Eruption and nature of the lava from Murara: a new adventive cone (December 1976 – April 1977) of Nyamuragira in Kivu (Zaire). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Serie II, 289, 809-812.

Brousse, R., J.-P.H. Caron, A.B. Kampunzu, and R.T. Lubala, 1983. Rugarambira: a new adventive cone of Nyamulagira active from December 1981 to January 1982 (central African Rift Valley, Kivu). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Serie II, 296, 813-818.

Burt, M.L., Wadge, G. & Scott, W.A. 1994. Simple stochastic modeling of the eruption history of a basaltic volcano: Nyamuragira, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 87-97.

Carn, S.A. 2004. Eruptive and passive degassing of sulfur dioxide at Nyiragongo volcano (D.R. Congo): the 17 January 2002 eruption and its aftermath. Acta Vulcanologica 14-15, 75-86.

Carn, S.A. & Bluth, G.J.S. 2003. Prodigious sulfur dioxide emissions from Nyamuragira volcano, D.R. Congo. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(23), 2211, doi:10.1029/2003GL018465.

Carn, S.A., Krueger, A.J., Bluth, G.J.S., Schaefer, S.J., Krotkov, N.A., Watson, I.M. & Datta, S. 2003. Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulfur dioxide and ash emissions. In: Volcanic Degassing (eds. C. Oppenheimer, D.M. Pyle and J. Barclay), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 213, pp.177-202.

Chaigneau, M., H. Tazieff, and R. Fabre, 1960. Composition des gaz volcaniques du lac de lave permanent du Nyiragongo (Congo Belge). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 250(14), 2482-2485.

Deliens, M., 1974. Les sublimes du Rugarama (Region du Kivu, Republique du Zaire). Bull. Volcanol., 38(1), 124-135.

Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R.T., Kampunzu, A.B. & Durieux, J. 1994. Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 47-61.

Denaeyer M E, 1969. Nouvelles donnees lithologiques sur les volcans actifs des Virunga (Afrique centrale). Bull Volcanol., 33, 1128-1144.

Gerlach, T.M. 1980. Chemical characteristics of the volcanic gases from Nyiragongo lava lake and the generation of CH4-rich fluid inclusions in alkaline rocks. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8, 177-189.

Hamaguchi, H. (ed), 1983. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: Geophysical Aspects. Sendai: Tohoku Univ Fac Sci, 130 pp.

Hamaguchi, H., Nishimura, T. & Zana, N. 1992. Process of the 1977 Nyiragongo eruption inferred from the analysis of long-period earthquakes and volcanic tremors. Tectonophysics, 209, 241-254.

Hayashi, S., M. Kasahara, K. Tanaka, H. Hamaguchi, and N. Zana, 1992. Major element chemistry of recent eruptive products from Nyamuragira volcano, Africa (1976-1989). Tectonophysics, 209, 273-276.

Kampunzu, A. B., Lubala, R. T., Brousse, R., Caron, J. P.-H., Cluzel, D., Lenoble, L., Vellutini, P. J., 1984. Sur l'eruption du Nyamulagira de Decembre 1981 a Janvier 1982: cone et coulee du Rugarambiro (Kivu, Zaire). Bull Volcanol., 47, 79-105.

Kasahara, M., H. Hamaguchi, K. Tanaka, N. Zana, and M. Kabwick. 1992. Recent horizontal crustal movements in and around volcano Nyamuragira, Zaire. Tectonophysics, 209(1-4), 267-272.

Katabarwa, J.-B., R. Brousse, R.T. Lubala, and C. Thouin, 1986. Construction of Kivandimwe (from February to March 1984), two new adventive cones on the north-west flank of Nyamuragira (Birunga volcanic chain, Zaire). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Serie II, 302, 1249-1252.

Krafft, M. & K. Krafft, 1983. La réapparition du lac de lave dans le cratère du volcan Nyiragongo de juin à septembre 1982 (Kivu-Zaire). Histoire, dynamisme, débits et risques volcaniques. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Série II, 296, 797-802.

Krafft M., 1990. Fuhrer zu den Virunga-Vulkanen. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 187 pp.

Krueger, A.J., Schnetzler, C.C. & Walter, L.S. 1996. The December 1981 eruption of Nyamuragira volcano (Zaire), and the origin of the ‘mystery cloud’ of early 1982. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D10), 15191-15196.

Le Guern, F. 1987. Mechanism of energy transfer in the lava lake of Niragongo (Zaire), 1959-1977. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 31, 17-31.

Le Guern, F., Tazieff, H., Vavasseur, C. & Carbonelle, J. 1977. Heat and gas transfer from the Nyiragongo lava lake. EOS Trans. American Geophysical Union, 58:920.

Leonard, A., 1959. Contribution a l’etude de la colonization des laves du volcan Nyamuragira par les vegetaux. Vegetatio, 8(4), 250-258.

Mackay, M.E., and P. Mouginis-Mark, 1997. The effect of varying acquisition parameters on the interpretation of SIR-C radar data: the Virunga volcanic chain. Remote Sens. Environ., 59, 321-336.

NASA Earth Observatory Newsroom. 2002. Sulfur dioxide emissions from Congo volcanoes. URL:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=7274

NASA Earth Observatory Newsroom, 2006. Eruption of Mount Nyamulagira (Nyamuragira). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17483

Oppenheimer, C., 1998. Satellite observations of lava lake activity at Nyiragongo volcano, ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan refugee crisis. Disasters, 22(3), 268-281.

Platz, T., S.F. Foley and L. André. 2004. Low-pressure fractionation of the Nyiragongo volcanic rocks, Virunga province, D.R. Congo. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 136, 269-295.

Pottier Y, 1978. Premiere eruption historique du Nyiragongo et manifestations adventives simultanees du Volcan Nyamulagira (Chaine des VIrunga - Kivu - Zaire: Dec. 76 - Jiun 77). Mus Roy Afr Centr, Tervuren (Belg), Dept Geol Mineral, Rapp Ann 1977, p 157-175

Pouclet, A. 1973. Contribution à la connaissance du volcan Nyiragongo (Rift ouest-africain). Les eruptions intra-cratèrales de juillet 1971 à avril 1972. Bull. Volcanol., 37, 37-72.

Pouclet, A. 1974. Pétrographie du Rugarama, dernier cone adventif du volcan Nyamuragira (1971) (Rift W. Africain). Bull. Volcanol., 2(38), 397-424.

Pouclet, A., 1975. Activites du Volcan Nyamuragira (rift ouest de l'Afrique centrale), evaluation des volumes de materiaux emis. Bull Volcanol., 39, 466-478.

Pouclet, A., and M. Villeneuve, 1972. L’eruption du Rugarama (mars-mai 1971) au volcan Nyamuragira (Rep. Zaire). Bull Volcanol., 36, 200-221.

Rodriguez, K.M., J.K. Weissel, and W.H. Menke, 2001. Lava-flow textural trends using SAR: the Virunga volcanic chain, East Africa. Proc. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001, IGARSS ’01, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2001.978022.

Sahama, T.G., 1973. Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. J. Petrol., 14, 33-48.

Sawyer, G.M., S.A. Carn, C. Oppenheimer, V.I. Tsanez, M. Burton (2008). Investigation into magma degassing at Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q02017, doi:10.1029/2007GC001829.

Scaillet, B., and R. MacDonald, 2006. Experimental and Thermodynamic Constraints on the Sulphur Yield of Peralkaline and Metaluminous Silicic Flood Eruptions. J. Petrol., 47(7), 1413-1437.

Symonds et al. 1994. Volcanic gas studies: methods, results, and applications. In Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 30: Volatiles in Magmas. MR Carroll and JR Holloway (Eds). Mineralogical Society of America, pp 1-66.

Tanaka, K. (ed), 1988. Geophysical Studies of Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira. Hirosaki: Hirosaki Univ Fac Sci, 78 pp (in Japanese with English abs).

Tazieff, H., 1949. Première exploration du cratère du volcan Nyiragongo. Bull. Soc. Belge Géol., 58, 165-172.

Tazieff, H., 1977. An exceptional eruption: Mt. Nyiragongo, Jan 10th, 1977. Bulletin of Volcanology, 40, 189-200.

Tazieff, H., 1979. Nyiragongo, the forbidden volcano. Barron’s/Woodbury, New York, 287 pp.

Tazieff, H., 1984. Mt. Nyiragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20, 267-280.

Tazieff, H., 1994. Permanent lava lakes: observed facts and induced mechanisms. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 63, 3-11.

Tedesco, D., O. Vaselli, P. Papale, S.A. Carn, M. Voltaggio, G.M. Sawyer, J. Durieux, M. Kasereka, F. Tassi, 2007. The January 2002 Eruption of Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo. J. Geophys. Res. (in press)