HU329 Special Topics Schedule

Winter, 1996-97

Section 1 (3-4 PM, MWF)


Date Topic Reading Presentations
Feb. 3 Morality and Sex
(case)
Chapter 13 Jennifer Witer, Chad Linna, Troy Naperala, Loretta Case
Feb. 5 Abortion
(case)
Chapter 14 Dan Patin, Paula Sulak, Richard Lewnau, Greg Kunstman
Feb. 7 Capital Punishment
(case)
Chapter 15 Stephen Bachhuber, Jason Unger, Shawn Badanjek, Paul Bryant
Feb. 10 Suicide
(case)
Chapter 16 Teresa Vassar, Ted Deiss, Mark Anderson, Aaron Veenstra
Feb. 12 Euthanasia
(case)
Chapter 17 Christian O'Brian, Jason Piontek, David Glaser, Emily Aldrich
Feb. 14 Sex Roles and Sexual Equality
(case)
Chapter 19 Matt Williams, Steve Maynard, Jared Anderson, Timothy Havens
Feb. 17 Morality and Interpersonal Violence
(case)
Chapter 22 Talman Wagenmaker, Matt Zander, Valerie Beito, Julie Hoover
Feb. 19 Morality and the Environment
(case)
Chapter 23 Tim Kinney, Anthony Meeuwsen, Paul Literski
Feb. 21 Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Equal Opportunity
(case)
Chapter 18 Tom Haft, Chris Hooper, Ruth Renken, Robert Rokosky


Section 2 (4-5 PM, MWF)


Date Topic Reading Presentations
Feb. 3 Morality and Sex
(case)
Chapter 13 Blake Adams, Paul Prause, Jason Hiser
Feb. 5 Abortion
(case)
Chapter 14 LaVie Motley, Ryan Pritchard, Yukari Ito, David Taylor
Feb. 7 Capital Punishment
(case)
Chapter 15 Rebecca Heltunen, Jermaine Levy, Mike Tercha, Paul Stephens
Feb. 10 Suicide
(case)
Chapter 16 Mike Taratuta, Genesis Barnes, Anthony Stubbs
Feb. 12 Euthanasia
(case)
Chapter 17 Anthony Sullins, Bryan Anderson, Pat McCutcheon, Aaron Arvia
Feb. 14 Sex Roles and Sexual Equality
(case)
Chapter 19 Heidi Ziemann, Nicole Crawford
Feb. 17 Morality and Interpersonal Violence
(case)
Chapter 22 Amy Zeitler, Angie Vogt, Stephanie Kelley
Feb. 19 Morality and the Environment
(case)
Chapter 23 Bernard Froman, Geoff Sanders, Kathleen McCutcheon
Feb. 21 Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Equal Opportunity
(case)
Chapter 18 Steve Gwinnup, Tim Sandrik


Case: Morality and Sex

Doug and Sheila, both age 24, have been romantically and sexually involved with each other for a year and a half. They would like to live together but do not want to commit themselves to a permanent relationship of marriage. Both are very career-oriented professionals, and each wishes to keep open the option of following an attractive job opportunity to a new location--even if this means ending their relationship. Furthermore, neither Doug nor Sheila considers himself/herself to be completely monogamous. Each is willing for the other occasionally to have different sexual partners. They are very careful to practice “safe sex” and to use effective birth control. Doug agrees that, in the unlikely event that Sheila becomes pregnant, he will fully support her in whatever decision she makes about continuing the pregnancy.

Questions for Discussion

  1. Based on the information provided, would it be morally right for Doug and Sheila to live together in the arrangement described above? Give a convincing argument for your view.
  2. Would it make any difference (morally) if they planned to get married (to each other) eventually? In general, are sexual relationships between unmarried persons morally justified if they serve as preludes to marriage?

Case: Abortion

Despite her care in using reliable contraceptive methods whenever she has sex, Sheila (See the "Morality and Sex" case) learns that she is 6 weeks pregnant. Since Doug is her sex partner approximately 90% of the time, she believes that Doug is the (potential) father. Doug is not so sure. He cannot understand how Sheila could have gotten pregnant if, as she claimed, she never forgot to take her birth control pill. Sheila reminds him that he had assured her he would support her if she became pregnant, but Doug reminds her that his assurance was only that he would support her decision about whether to continue her pregnancy--not that he would accept himself as the (future) father. Anyway, Doug is not convinced that he is the father, since he is not the only man with whom Sheila has had sex during the past several months. For Sheila, this is not a good time to be pregnant: Her career has just started to take off, and motherhood would compromise her chances of getting ahead in her job. She does not believe that she is ready to be a mother--certainly not a single mother, which she would become if Doug continued to resist accepting the role of husband and father. And putting the child up for adoption after it was born would still mean that she would have to go through the pregnancy and endure the disapprobation of some members of her family as well as some of her friends and associates at work.

Questions for Discussion

  1. Does Sheila have a moral right to have an abortion? Why or why not? If she has such a right, is it a positive right or a negative right? What moral obligations would be correlated with that right? Whose obligations would they be? Explain.
  2. Would it be morally right for Sheila to have the abortion? Why or why not? Explain. (Be sure you understand the differences between questions 1 and 2.)

Case: Capital Punishment

(Reported by Tom Kuntz in The New York Times, September 24, 1995.) Paul Jennings Hill is a forty-one-year-old Presbyterian minister. He is also a murderer, condemned to die in Florida's electric chair for the shotgun slayings of an abortion doctor, Dr. John Bayard Britton, and a security escort, James H. Barrett. He shot and killed both men outside a Pensacola, Florida, abortion clinic in July 1995.

On the morning of July 29, 1995, Hill waited outside the abortion clinic. Dr. Britton arrived in a pickup truck with his wife and Mr. Barrett, a seventy-four-year-old retired Air Force officer. Mr. Barrett was driving, Dr. Britton was next to him, and Mrs. Britton was sitting in the jumpseat in back. All were unarmed. Hill opened fire with his new .12-gauge semiautomatic shotgun, bought two days before the killings. He fired three shots at the driver's side of the truck, reloaded, and fired four more shots, killing Mr. Barrett and Dr. Britton. June Barrett was wounded in her left arm but was not killed.

Hill says he believes in the death penalty, but he maintains that it is not justified in his case. He argues that the homicides were justified because he was defending innocent lives. He compares his action to that of police who kill people to prevent other people from being killed. His argument goes more or less as follows: Abortion is the murder of innocent unborn people. God wants us to save the lives of innocent people, and killing guilty abortion doctors (who are comparable to Nazis in Hill's view) is a way of saving innocent lives. Saving innocent lives in accord with God's will is morally right. So killing guilty abortion doctors is morally right. (This case was taken from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems5th edition (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), pp. 264-265.

Questions for Discussion

  1. Should Hill have received the death penalty? Why or why not?

Case: Suicide

Dr. Jack Kevorkian is a retired Michigan pathologist who has become (in)famous for assisting suicides. In recent years, he has helped many people commit suicide.

Kevorkian's standard method of assisted suicide is to provide patients with one of several suicide devices he has made. Some inject a lethal drug and others allow the patient to breathe a lethal gas. The lethal drug device allows the patient to push a button or switch forcing a lethal drug (potassium chloride for example) through a tube and into a vein in the arm producing a quick and relatively painless death.

Perhaps the most famous case involved Janet Adkins, a woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease who killed herself by lethal injection using one of Kevorkian's suicide devices. The next day, Kevorkian appeared on practically every talk show and news program in the country. Although Adkins was not terminally ill in the usual sense of the term, a Michigan judge did not prosecute Kevorkian for murder because the state had no laws against assisted suicide. There is a court injunction forbidding Kevorkian to use his devices, but he has continued to use them. (This case was taken from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems5th edition, (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), pp. 223-224.)

Questions for Discussion

  1. Is it morally right for Kevorkian to assist people like Janet Adkins in committing suicide? Why or why not?
  2. Is there a moral right to die? If so, is it a positive right or a negative right? What sort of obligations would be correlated with it? Whose obligations would they be? Explain.

Case: Euthanasia

In October 1983, Baby Jane Doe (as the infant was called by the court to protect her anonymity) was born with spina bifida and a host of other congenital defects. According to the doctors consulted by the parents, the child would be severely mentally retarded, bedridden, and suffer considerable pain. After consultations with doctors and religious counselors, Mr. and Mrs. A (as the parents were called in the court documents) decided not to consent to lifesaving surgery....

Then the U.S. Justice Department intervened in the case. It sued to obtain records from the University Hospital in Stony Brook, New York, to determine if the hospital had violated a federal law that forbids discrimination against the handicapped. Dr. C. Everett Koop, the U.S. surgeon general, appeared on television to express the view that the government has the moral obligation to intercede on behalf of such infants in order to protect their right to life.

Two weeks later, Federal District Judge Leonard Wexler threw out the Justice Department's unusual suit. Wexler found no discrimination. The hospital had been willing to do the surgery but had failed to do so because the parents refused to consent to the surgery....(This case is taken from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems 5th edition (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), p. 224.

Questions for Discussion

  1. Do parents of infants with serious birth defects, like those of Baby Jane Doe, have a moral right to decide whether the infants will receive lifesaving medical procedures? Why or why not?
  2. Based on the information above, did the parents of Baby Jane Doe do the right thing in not consenting to the lifesaving surgery? Why or why not?

Case: Sex Roles and Sexual Equality

The current policy of the air force is that women are not allowed to fly jets in actual combat (although they are allowed to fly combat jets in training). Carol is a qualified woman pilot who demands that she be allowed to fly one of these jets in combat. She has logged many hours of flight time; she holds the rank of major; she is in excellent physical condition; she is unmarried and has no children; and she is a black belt in karate. (This case is adapted from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems 5th edition (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), p. 413.)

Questions for Discussion

  1. Does Carol have a moral right to fly military jets in combat? Why or why not? If so, what moral obligations are correlated with her right? Whose obligations are they? Explain.

Case: Morality and Interpersonal Violence

Richard lives in an apartment complex. Among his nearby neighbors is a couple, the Sloans, and their 5-year-old son, Luke. Richard does not know the Sloans very well. His contact with them is mainly seeing them coming or going around the apartment building. However, he has noticed that Luke always seems to have bruises on his arms and legs and sometimes has marks on his face and neck that may be the result of his being struck. Whenever Richard encounters Luke without his parents around, he tries to be friendly and to get Luke to talk to him. When Richard asks Luke where he got the bruises and marks, Luke says that he "fell down" but provides no details. He always ends the conversation as soon as possible by saying that he has to go home.

Questions for Discussion

  1. What (if anything) should Richard do in the situation? What alternatives should he consider? Explain.
  2. What moral rights do Luke's parents have to decide how he will be raised and disciplined? What sorts of rights are they--positive, negative, absolute, prima facie?

    Case: Morality and the Environment

    Farmers and cattle ranchers in Brazil are burning the rain forests of the Amazon River to clear the land for crops and livestock. According to an article in Time magazine (September 18, 1989), an estimated 12,350 square miles have been destroyed so far, and the burning continues. conservationists and leaders of rich inductrial nations have asked Brazil to stop the destruction. They claim that if the Amazon rain forests are destroyed, more than one million species will vanish. This would be a significant loss of the earth's genetic and biological heritage. Furthermore, they are worried about changes in the climate. The Amazon system of forests plays an important role in the way the sun's heat is distributed around the earth because it stores more then seventy-five billion tons of carbon in its trees. Burning the trees of the Amazon forests will produce a dramatic increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Many scientists believe that the trapping of heat by this atmospheric carbon dioxide--the greenhouse effect--will significantly increase the global warming trend.

    Brazilians reply that they have a sovereign right to use their land as they see fit. They complain that the rich industrial nations are just trying to maintain their economic supremacy. Brazilian President Jose Sarney argues that the burning is necessary for Brazilian economic development, particularly when Brazil is struggling under an $111 billion foreign debt load. (This case is adapted from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems 5th edition (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), p. 524)

    Questions for Discussion

    1. Assuming that burning the Amazon forests is essential to Brazil's economic development, should the Brazilian government be willing to sacrifice that development in order to avoid contributing to global warming? Why or why not?
    2. If the Brazilians are unable to sacrifice their economic development, should the United States and other industrialized countries be willing to forgive Brazil's $111 billion debt and to infuse billions of dollars into the Brazilian economy in exchange for Brazil's agreement to halt the burning of its rain forests? Why or why not?

    Case: Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Equal Opportunity

    (Reported by Timothy Egan in The New York Times, October 29, 1995.) With a net worth of $6.5 billion, Paul G. Allen is one of the richest men in the world. How did he make so much money? In 1975 he started Microsoft with his grade-school friend Bill Gates. Microsoft is now the world's largest software company and has been very profitable. Allen's critics say that Bill Gates is responsible for the success of the company, and not Allen. These critics complain that Allen's vast fortune is a fluke, and result of hitching up with the superstar Bill Gates. Allen left Microsoft in 1983 after a cancer scare. He was diagnosed as having Hodgkin's disease, but radiation therapy cured him. Since 1983 Allen has invested in various computer companies such as Medio and Skypix but has not been very successful. Meanwhile the value of his Microsoft stock (he owns 55.7-million shares) just keeps going up.

    Allen lives alone on a six-acre waterfront compound in Mercer Island, an exclusive enclave for the very wealthy near Seattle. Allen's compound has a twenty-seat theater, video screens in most rooms, a swimming pool, a waterfall, and, most impressive of all, a skylit, regulation-size basketball court. Allen is the owner of the Trailblazers, a professional basketball team, and sometimes he has private games for his entertainment between his own team and the Seattle Supersonics. When bored with basketball, he can use his private jet to go to tropical islands or sail on his 150-foot yacht. He is also interested in the late Jimi Hendrix (a Seattle native), and he has spent $60 million for a Jimi Hendrix Museum to be called the Experience Music Project (named after the Hendrix sex-and-drug song "Are You Experienced?"). He paid $50,000 for a broken Stratocaster once played by Hendrix and has acquired 10,000 more Hendrix artifacts to be displayed in the museum. Allen plays the guitar himself in a rock band called the Threads and can play "Purple Haze," a famous Hendrix number.

    Allen has given away money for a library to be named after his father and for a park in downtown Seattle, but so far he has shown no interest in giving money to the needy....(This case is adapted from James E. White, ed., Contemporary Moral Problems 5th edition (Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1997), p. 346.)

    Questions for Discussion

    1. Based on the above information, does Allen have any moral obligation to give up some of his wealth in order to help those who are less fortunate than himself? Why or why not?
    2. If your answer to question 1 is "Yes," how much of his wealth should he be willing to give up in order to help others? (You are not being asked to give a precise dollar amount. Rather, you are being asked how he might tell when he has given "enough.") Explain.
    3. Are we morally justified in owning luxury items, like Allen's basketball court, when we know that there are desperately poor people in the world? Why or why not?